Hunter Tip: How to Choose the Right Shotgun Choke for Your Hunt

A successful hunt requires the right skills and gear. This includes the firearm or bow you prefer to hunt with and the right accessories to help you aim and shoot accurately. 

Along with bringing the right caliber for your firearm, a choke is another piece of gear to consider when using a shotgun. However, choosing the right one can be challenging unless you understand how they work and which is best for different hunting situations and game. 

Today, we talk about shotgun chokes! Keep reading to learn more about them and how to pick the best one for your setup. 

What Is a Shotgun Choke?

A shotgun choke modifies the spread of the shot to gain better range, shot pattern, and accuracy. The choke tube constricts the end of the muzzle to tighten (or spread out) the pattern of pellets within the shells fired from the shotgun. 

This spread can be significant depending on the game you hunt. Chokes help sharpen your accuracy. You can also use your shotgun to hunt a wider variety of game when applying different chokes. 

Remember: shotgun chokes only impact the pattern of pellets. They do not impact shot distance, speed, or power. For example, a tighter choke doesn't improve the distance at which you can hit a target. 

Which Choke Should You Use?

There are three main types of chokes: full, improved cylinder, and modified.

• A full choke creates a small, dense pellet pattern and carries a tighter spread at a further distance. 
• An improved cylinder choke has a wider, less dense pattern but isn't effective at longer ranges. 
• The modified choke falls between the other two in shot density and range.

With an understanding of how these three types of chokes impact your shot, you can determine which choke is best for the game in your sights this season. 

Learn more about the types of chokes in the video below!

Choosing Your Choke

The type of game you pursue and the type and size of shot you use will determine which choke you need. 

For example, you can use an improved or modified choke when hunting doves, pheasant, or quail. However, a full or extra-full choke would be best if you are turkey hunting.

Most modern shotguns have screw-in choke tubes, so you can easily change them. The most important thing is to select a choke that will allow you to be effective in your shot. Consider the range at which you'll be shooting and the game you are after.

Your distance from the target also determines the choke you need. For example, a full choke is generally most effective at 40 to 50 yards from your target, while an improved cylinder is better if the range is within 20 to 35 yards.

Learn More About Safe Firearm Practices with Hunter Education

With your shotgun and the right choke in your gear pack, you're almost ready for a successful hunt! You'll also need a hunter education certification before hitting the field. 

Most states require hunters to pass a safety course before purchasing a license. While we've shared some insights into choosing a choke for your hunt in this article, you'll learn much more about firearms, transporting them safely, and basic shooting skills through a Hunter-Ed course!

We want every hunter to return home safely – and successfully – each season. So, find the course for your state and start learning about how to stay safe in the field with our free online study guide! All of our courses are also online. 

Originally published September 10, 2015. Content updated January 31, 2023.