What To Hunt With a Shotgun

When it comes to versatility in hunting, the classic 12-gauge shotgun is a standout choice. Its reliability and effectiveness make it a top pick for a wide range of hunting scenarios, from small game to waterfowl and even large game. 

Shotguns come in various types, each with unique features and applications. Whether it's the pump-action, semi-automatic, over/under, or side-by-side, each type has its own advantages and is suited for different hunting scenarios and hunting styles. 

In this blog, we're exploring the various types of game that can be hunted with a shotgun and sharing tips and strategies to help you get the most out of your firearm.

Shotguns Are Ideal for Small Game Hunting 

Small game hunting, a thrilling and popular way to enjoy the outdoors, is perhaps the most common use of the shotgun. It's a great way to fill the freezer with tasty game and enjoy the outdoors. 

Popular small-game hunting species with a shotgun include: 

• Rabbits and Hares: Shotguns, particularly 12- or 20-gauge, are a classic option due to their spread, which increases the chance of hitting these fast-moving targets. The capacity to cycle a cartridge quickly in a pump-action style also allows for a fast follow-up shot in case of injury or a miss. 
  
  
• Squirrels: The most important consideration when targeting squirrels is the shot size. A number 6 or 7.5 is ideal to avoid excessive damage or spoiling the meat. 
  
  
• Quail and Pheasants: Choosing a shotgun for upland bird game hunting requires an analysis of factors such as weight, as you'll be shouldering the gun numerous times. Additionally, consider durability, as these firearms will get a workout. Aim for a shotgun with a good spread and a pump-action style for follow-ups. 

While shotguns can be the best firearm for small game, there are more game animals you can hunt with one!

Use a Shotgun for Waterfowl Hunting 

If you can brave the cool early mornings when conditions are just right, you can be rewarded with a bounty of waterfowl when hunting with a shotgun.

Here are some target species and insider tips to help improve your success when hunting with a shotgun. 

Ducks and Geese

Most hunters opt for a 10- or 12-gauge when targeting ducks and geese.

A pump or auto-loader is generally the preferred shotgun action unless you're old school and want to follow tradition, preferring a classic double barrel. Hunting regulations prohibit the use of toxic shot, so steel, tungsten, bismuth, and Hevi-Shot will be your go-to. 

Choke selection will depend on your choice of shot, and a modified choke will offer the most functionality with a non-toxic shot. 

Upland Bird Hunting With a Shotgun

Upland game birds tend to be skittish and open a small window where a hunter can take a shot as they move from their nesting. A shotgun can be the best firearm for a successful hunt.

Some popular upland bird species include: 

• Pheasants: A 12- or 20-gauge shotgun with an appropriate shot size (e.g., #4 or #5) tends to make the best pheasant gun. Pheasants are durable birds; having the right caliber behind the shot is essential to ensure an ethical kill. 
  
  
• Grouse and Woodcock: For these creatures, opt for shot sizes such as #6 or #7.5, which are preferable due to the birds' smaller size and the dense cover they inhabit.

Shotguns can also be the best firearm for hunting other types of game birds.

Turkey Hunting with Shotguns

It wouldn't be Spring and Fall without hunters across the country loading their shotguns and heading to the woodlands for a turkey hunt. 

Tighter chokes and large shot sizes, such as #4, #5, and #6, are preferred. Many hunters who collect firearms may even have a dedicated turkey setup that they save for the occasion.

Pattern density and consistency are essential, so some will choose custom turkey chokes. 

Shotguns and Predator Hunting 

All good hunters should do their part to protect and maintain the natural environment. Sometimes, this means predator hunting to remove harmful or diseased creatures from the ecosystem. 

12-gauge shotguns are a popular choice for fox and coyote hunting, offering power and versatility in the field. Popular shotgun loads include the .223 Remington, the .22/250 Remington, and the .224 Valkyrie, and usage will depend on range, accuracy, and the hunting environment. 

Should You Hunt Large Game With a Shotgun?

Targeting larger species with a shotgun requires special consideration of the ethical implications and the need for responsible hunting practices. 

20-gauge or 12-gauge are popular options when deer hunting with a shotgun, and some hunters may opt for slugs or powerful buckshot. Accuracy and shot placement are essential when targeting large species such as deer. 

However, hunting deer with a shotgun is highly regulated. It's essential to read the fine print of all local rules regarding the use of shotguns and species types in your state or chosen state to hunt. 

Safety Considerations

While many experienced hunters are comfortable with shotguns, it's crucial to remember that this comfort can lead to complacency.

Refreshing your hunter and gun safety knowledge is always a good idea. When working with shotguns, choosing the correct ammunition for your targeted game is essential for a successful hunt and ensuring both hunter safety and animal protection. 

Shotgun Gear and Accessories 

Due to the shotgun's versatility, many can be customized to fit various hunting requirements and species types. 

• Chokes: A shotgun choke is a small metal tube that reduces the diameter of the bore to tighten the shot pattern and extend the shotgun's effective range. Choosing the right choke will depend on your targeted species and range considerations. Turkey hunters may opt for a full choke, while waterfowlers prefer a modified version. 
  
  
• Scopes and Sights: Sighting accessories can be mounted onto shotguns to enhance vision on hard-to-spot species such as turkeys. 
  
  
• Camouflage and Clothing: As the range of a shotgun is significantly shorter than that of a rifle, many hunters will wear camouflage to close the distance and blaze orange, both for blending into the natural environment and protection. 

Hunting with a shotgun can be fun and effective when used safely in the right situations.

Know What to Hunt With a Shotgun and Stay Safe This Season

Whether you've bought your first or tenth shotgun, familiarity and best handling practices should always be your first step. Complacency, overconfidence, or inexperience can all contribute to firearm incidents, and nothing is more important than safety when it comes to shotguns. 

One of the best ways to learn firearm safety best practices and good shooting and hunting techniques is to take a hunter safety course. Hunter-Ed delivers online, engaging, and state-approved courses for hunters to help them stay safe in the field, whether hunting with a shotgun, rifle, or bow.

So before your next hunt, choose the course for your state and start learning!