Shotshell loads

The weight of the shot charge varies according to the gauge of the firearm and whether it is a hunting or target load. In 12-gauge cartridges, standard shot charges range from 24 to 36 grams. Magnum loads are also available with heavier charges into the 50 gram range.

Shotshell types

Shotshells are manufactured with either a load of shot or a single slug. Each type of shotshell has a specific purpose.

There are many different shot sizes. The smallest pellets are designed for hunting small birds or pests, and the largest pellets are suitable for game animals at close range. Shot can be made of lead, copper, bismuth or steel.

The hardness of steel can cause serious damage to shotgun barrels and must only be used in shotguns specifically designed for steel shot. If you are unsure if steel shot can be used in your shotgun, you should consult a gunsmith. They can provide advice on using other non-toxic shot such as bismuth.

Solid slugs

For versatility, shotshells that fire a single-rifled slug provide adequate penetration and knockdown power on pig and deer sized game out to a range of 50 metres. These can be fired through a standard shotgun when using the correct choke. They offer better accuracy if the shotgun has a rifled barrel.